Difference between revisions of "MySQL"
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== | == maintenance == | ||
* | *; check and repair all tables and databases | ||
** | mysqloptimize .. | ||
mysqlanalyze .. | |||
mysqlcheck -hhost -ppass --all-databases | |||
mysqlrepair -hhost -ppass --all-databases | |||
== Problems == | |||
*: Permission Denied | |||
* in /var/log/messages: | |||
061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Can t start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied | 061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Can t start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied | ||
061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: //var/run/mysqld/mysqld7415.sock ? | 061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: //var/run/mysqld/mysqld7415.sock ? | ||
061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Aborting | 061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Aborting | ||
* solved with | |||
* | |||
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql | chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql | ||
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysql | chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysql | ||
=== | * ERROR 1153: Got a packet bigger than 'max_allowed_packet' bytes | ||
# mysql -p | |||
set global max_allowed_packet=1G; | |||
* or some say... | |||
set global max_allowed_packet=1000000000; | |||
set global net_buffer_length=1000000; | |||
* error: 1017: mysqldump: error while using LOCK TABLES | |||
CHECK TABLE table; | |||
* and | |||
REPAIR TABLE table; | |||
== monitoriong == | |||
multitail -e "(Connect|Init)" -ev user /var/log/mysql/mysql.log | |||
* logs: | |||
select @@log_error; | |||
= percona= | |||
dev-db/percona-toolkit | |||
== SQL == | |||
* Comando per copiare le thumbnails di amarok in una cartella | |||
mysql -s -N -B -u user -p -D amarokdb -e "SELECT path FROM images" | |||
for a in `mysql -s -N -B -u user -p -D db -e "SELECT path FROM images"`; do cp -v "$a" /var/www/localhost/htdocs/media/covers/; done | |||
=== Grant, utenti e privilegi === | |||
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... | GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... | ||
ON [object_type] {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*} | ON [object_type] {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*} | ||
Line 24: | Line 59: | ||
[SUBJECT 'subject']] | [SUBJECT 'subject']] | ||
[WITH with_option [with_option] ...] | [WITH with_option [with_option] ...] | ||
GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO 'nagios'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'la password che vuoi'; | |||
GRANT SELECT,DROP,CREATE,UPDATE,INSERT ON *.* TO user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'pass' ; | |||
* MySQL: “Access denied for user 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost'..... | |||
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'blablablaa'; | |||
=== Select === | |||
SELECT | |||
[ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ] | |||
[HIGH_PRIORITY] | |||
[STRAIGHT_JOIN] | |||
[SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] | |||
[SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS] | |||
select_expr, ... | |||
[FROM table_references | |||
[WHERE where_condition] | |||
[GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} | |||
[ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]] | |||
[HAVING where_condition] | |||
[ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} | |||
[ASC | DESC], ...] | |||
[LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}] | |||
[PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)] | |||
[INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options | |||
| INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | |||
| INTO var_name [, var_name]] | |||
[FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]] | |||
=== Reset auto increment === | |||
alter table "table_name" auto_increment=1 | |||
resets auto_increment to 1 + max(auto_increment) | |||
== charset! == | |||
* a good guide to debug: http://kunststube.net/frontback/ | |||
* we all want utf now | |||
SET NAMES utf8; | |||
SET CHARACTER SET utf8; | |||
SET COLLATION_CONNECTION='utf8_general_ci; | |||
=== conversion within MySQL === | |||
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci; | |||
=== conversion script === | |||
''(from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/153706/change-default-collation-in-phpmyadmin )'' | |||
* To convert already imported tables to UTF-8 you can do (in PHP): | |||
<pre> | |||
$dbname = 'my_databaseName'; | |||
mysql_connect('127.0.0.1', 'root', ''); | |||
mysql_query("ALTER DATABASE `$dbname` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"); | |||
$res = mysql_query("SHOW TABLES FROM `$dbname`"); | |||
while($row = mysql_fetch_row($res)) { | |||
$query = "ALTER TABLE {$dbname}.`{$row[0]}` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"; | |||
mysql_query($query); | |||
$query = "ALTER TABLE {$dbname}.`{$row[0]}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"; | |||
mysql_query($query); | |||
} | |||
echo 'all tables converted'; | |||
</pre> | |||
== Gentoo == | |||
installare e poi configurare mysql: | |||
emerge -pvtD dev-db/mysql | |||
emerge --config dev-db/mysql | |||
== Replication == | |||
* | |||
* http://www.lefred.be/?q=node/45 | |||
* /etc/my.cnf | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
[mysqld] | |||
datadir=/var/lib/mysql | |||
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock | |||
user=mysql | |||
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks | |||
symbolic-links=0 | |||
server-id=8493237 | |||
log-bin=mysql-bin | |||
log-error=mysql-bin.err | |||
[mysqld_safe] | |||
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log | |||
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
=== re-sync slave === | |||
* http://blog.gurudelleccelsopicco.org/2009/09/howto-mysql-master-slave-resync/ | |||
<syntaxhighlight lang=bash> | |||
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='mysql-master' MASTER_PORT=3306 , MASTER_USER='replicator' , MASTER_PASSWORD='a password'; | |||
</syntaxhighlight> | |||
== Backups == | |||
shell> mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sql | |||
You can read the dump file back into the server like this: | |||
shell> mysql db_name < backup-file.sql | |||
Or like this: | |||
shell> mysql -e "source /path-to-backup/backup-file.sql" db_name | |||
mysqldump is also very useful for populating databases by copying data from one MySQL server to another: | |||
shell> mysqldump --opt db_name | mysql --host=remote_host -C db_name | |||
It is possible to dump several databases with one command: | |||
shell> mysqldump --databases db_name1 [db_name2 ...] > my_databases.sql | |||
To dump all databases, use the --all-databases option: | |||
shell> mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql | |||
For InnoDB tables, mysqldump provides a way of making an online backup: | |||
shell> mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction > all_databases.sql | |||
Da uno all'altro | |||
mysqldump -c --skip-set-charset --skip-opt --skip-add-drop-table dbname tab1 tab2 -uunutente -hunhost -p | mysql dbname -p | |||
* dump all to a gzip/bzip2 file, change the command to choose between compression methods | |||
mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > mysqldump-all-databases.sql.gz | |||
* dump back up: | |||
gunzip < mysqldump-all-databases.sql.gz | mysql -p |
Latest revision as of 17:33, 15 December 2015
maintenance
- check and repair all tables and databases
mysqloptimize ..
mysqlanalyze ..
mysqlcheck -hhost -ppass --all-databases
mysqlrepair -hhost -ppass --all-databases
Problems
- Permission Denied
- in /var/log/messages:
061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Can t start server : Bind on unix socket: Permission denied 061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Do you already have another mysqld server running on socket: //var/run/mysqld/mysqld7415.sock ? 061013 18:14:58 [ERROR] Aborting
- solved with
chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql chown -R mysql:mysql /var/run/mysql
- ERROR 1153: Got a packet bigger than 'max_allowed_packet' bytes
# mysql -p set global max_allowed_packet=1G;
- or some say...
set global max_allowed_packet=1000000000; set global net_buffer_length=1000000;
- error: 1017: mysqldump: error while using LOCK TABLES
CHECK TABLE table;
- and
REPAIR TABLE table;
monitoriong
multitail -e "(Connect|Init)" -ev user /var/log/mysql/mysql.log
- logs:
select @@log_error;
percona
dev-db/percona-toolkit
SQL
- Comando per copiare le thumbnails di amarok in una cartella
mysql -s -N -B -u user -p -D amarokdb -e "SELECT path FROM images" for a in `mysql -s -N -B -u user -p -D db -e "SELECT path FROM images"`; do cp -v "$a" /var/www/localhost/htdocs/media/covers/; done
Grant, utenti e privilegi
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... ON [object_type] {tbl_name | * | *.* | db_name.*} TO user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password'] [, user [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] 'password']] ... [REQUIRE NONE | [{SSL| X509}] [CIPHER 'cipher' [AND]] [ISSUER 'issuer' [AND]] [SUBJECT 'subject']] [WITH with_option [with_option] ...] GRANT SELECT ON test.* TO 'nagios'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'la password che vuoi'; GRANT SELECT,DROP,CREATE,UPDATE,INSERT ON *.* TO user@localhost IDENTIFIED BY 'pass' ;
- MySQL: “Access denied for user 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost'.....
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'debian-sys-maint'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'blablablaa';
Select
SELECT [ALL | DISTINCT | DISTINCTROW ] [HIGH_PRIORITY] [STRAIGHT_JOIN] [SQL_SMALL_RESULT] [SQL_BIG_RESULT] [SQL_BUFFER_RESULT] [SQL_CACHE | SQL_NO_CACHE] [SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS] select_expr, ... [FROM table_references [WHERE where_condition] [GROUP BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ... [WITH ROLLUP]] [HAVING where_condition] [ORDER BY {col_name | expr | position} [ASC | DESC], ...] [LIMIT {[offset,] row_count | row_count OFFSET offset}] [PROCEDURE procedure_name(argument_list)] [INTO OUTFILE 'file_name' export_options | INTO DUMPFILE 'file_name' | INTO var_name [, var_name]] [FOR UPDATE | LOCK IN SHARE MODE]]
Reset auto increment
alter table "table_name" auto_increment=1 resets auto_increment to 1 + max(auto_increment)
charset!
- a good guide to debug: http://kunststube.net/frontback/
- we all want utf now
SET NAMES utf8; SET CHARACTER SET utf8; SET COLLATION_CONNECTION='utf8_general_ci;
conversion within MySQL
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;
conversion script
(from http://stackoverflow.com/questions/153706/change-default-collation-in-phpmyadmin )
- To convert already imported tables to UTF-8 you can do (in PHP):
$dbname = 'my_databaseName'; mysql_connect('127.0.0.1', 'root', ''); mysql_query("ALTER DATABASE `$dbname` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"); $res = mysql_query("SHOW TABLES FROM `$dbname`"); while($row = mysql_fetch_row($res)) { $query = "ALTER TABLE {$dbname}.`{$row[0]}` CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"; mysql_query($query); $query = "ALTER TABLE {$dbname}.`{$row[0]}` DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci"; mysql_query($query); } echo 'all tables converted';
Gentoo
installare e poi configurare mysql:
emerge -pvtD dev-db/mysql emerge --config dev-db/mysql
Replication
- /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
server-id=8493237
log-bin=mysql-bin
log-error=mysql-bin.err
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
re-sync slave
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='mysql-master' MASTER_PORT=3306 , MASTER_USER='replicator' , MASTER_PASSWORD='a password';
Backups
shell> mysqldump db_name > backup-file.sql
You can read the dump file back into the server like this:
shell> mysql db_name < backup-file.sql
Or like this:
shell> mysql -e "source /path-to-backup/backup-file.sql" db_name
mysqldump is also very useful for populating databases by copying data from one MySQL server to another:
shell> mysqldump --opt db_name | mysql --host=remote_host -C db_name
It is possible to dump several databases with one command:
shell> mysqldump --databases db_name1 [db_name2 ...] > my_databases.sql
To dump all databases, use the --all-databases option:
shell> mysqldump --all-databases > all_databases.sql
For InnoDB tables, mysqldump provides a way of making an online backup:
shell> mysqldump --all-databases --single-transaction > all_databases.sql
Da uno all'altro
mysqldump -c --skip-set-charset --skip-opt --skip-add-drop-table dbname tab1 tab2 -uunutente -hunhost -p | mysql dbname -p
- dump all to a gzip/bzip2 file, change the command to choose between compression methods
mysqldump --all-databases | gzip > mysqldump-all-databases.sql.gz
- dump back up:
gunzip < mysqldump-all-databases.sql.gz | mysql -p